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Clarifier:-
 

 
Introduction:-
 

Clarifiers separate solids from the liquid stream. In water & wastewater treatment the terms clarifier and sedimentation tank are synonymous.

 
Working Principle:-
 

SHIVAM Clarifiers are extensively used for continuous mechanical removal of settleable solids from wastes. These can be either Bridge or Centre column supported. In a centre feed design the wastewater is carried to the centre of the tank, the wastewater enters a circular well designed to distribute the flow equally in all directions. The sludge removal mechanism revolves slowly and may have two or four arms equipped with scrapers.

The drive unit can be central or peripheral and also manufactured with half/full scrapping arm. They can also be equipped with scum removal system. Besides conventional clarifiers, high rate clarifiers with parallel plate separators and tube settlers are also offered.
 
Type of Clarifiers:-
 

The two types of clarifiers are:

Central Drive Clarifier:

Basic Structure:

Full diameter bridge supports the central drive mechanism. The scraper frames are fitted to the drive shaft which is connected to the central gear. A bearing housing at the bottom serves as a guide to the drive shaft. The scrapers are fitted to the scraper frames. The influent well is suspended from the bridge.

CENTRALLY DRIVEN CLARIFIERS 4 MT. DIA TO 50 MT. DIA

This unit is suitable for installation in client’s concrete tank. Each unit will consist of :-

  • Fixed full bridge with walkway and handrail from one end to centre.
  • Influent (feed) well.
  • Drive arrangement consisting of motor, gear box, pulleys, V- belts, base plate.
  • Heavy duty bearing housing to take care of undulations, torque and loads.
  • Central shaft.
  • Rake arms with blades and tie rods.
  • Rake blades in sludge hopper.
 

All pipes, including inlet, outlet and sludge pipes are excluded from our scope.

Peripheral Drive Clarifier :   

Basic Structure :

The bridge is pivoted on a cast steel bearing at the centre on the centre pier and at the periphery it rests on wheel carriage fitted with wheels and drive unit. Garlon, C.I. polyurethane lined or cast steel wheels are supplied. Rails are provided for cast steel wheels.

The scrapers are suspended from the bridge. Slip ring unit is mounted on the central bearing.

PERIPHERALLY DRIVEN CLARIFIERS 4 MT. DIA TO 50 MT. DIA

 
This unit is suitable for installation in client’s concrete tank.
 
Each unit consists of :-
 
Rotating half bridge with walkway and handrails. - End Drive with motor, gear box, base plate, V-belts. - Central bearing housing and slip ring assembly. - Wheels rubberized C.I. - Central cage. - Clarifier rake arms with blades. All pipes, including inlet, outlet and sludge pipes are excluded from our scope.

Shivam Clarifiers have unique design of additional scrapper blades in the hopper. This prevents any possible clogging and thus prevents costly shutdowns.
 
IN CLARIFIER FOLLOWING ITEMS ARE OPTIONAL :-
 
  • V-notch weir plate.
  • Skimmer blade.
  • Scum baffle.
  • Scum box.
  • Telescopic arrangement (excluding piping and valves in an around sludge pit).
 
                                                   COMPARISON OF CLARIFIER

                     DESIGN OF SHIVAM

                  DESIGN OF OTHERS

Based on Simon Hartley, U. K., who are operating since, 1902. British are highly conservative and their designs are heavy and safe.

Technology basis does not exist.

 

 

BRIDGE :- Scientifically designed by senior and experienced Structural Engineers, using heavy sections. This takes care of working loads along with drive arrangement to make its life long. The railing on the bridge is not only heavy but also safe.

At some places, the bridge has sagged and even fallen.

 

 

SCRAPPER BLADES :- The scraper blades system shall consist of single-blade lengths arranged to overlap in series, producing an effect equal to a continuous spiral blade (volute formation arrangement). Each blade length is fitted with an easily renewable rubber strip. The blades shall ride along the contours of the tank floor and automatically adjust to any slight undulation. Thus, the scrappers are designed in such a way that entire floor area is covered. This ensures, high sludge removal efficiency from all points and also results in better overflow clarity. Twin scrapper arms will scrap twice in 1 revolution, achieving High Sludge removal Efficiency.

The blade formation does not result in to uniform and continuous scrapping from the entire area of the floor. This results in to incomplete sludge removal and poor settling efficiency. Even scrapper blades are observed to lift abnormally.

 

 

Fitted with a Sturdy DRIVE ARRANGEMENT consisting of Roller Bearings. This takes care of axial, and radial loads and also uneven fluctuations. The gear boxes are liberally sized, with ample service factor. This makes the life very long. The working is smooth and noiseless.

Poor selection of gear box, their ratios result in short life, demanding frequent replacements. Noise nuisance is irritating.

 

 

The drive shaft is adequately sized, and true machined at both sides. This ensures complete vertical alignment there by resulting in accurate positioning of the scrapper arm.

Adequate care not taken. This induces extra loads on the drive system. The gear and the shaft get damaged.

 

 

Inlet (Feed) well designed to efficiently disperse effluent without creating undue turbulence in the Settling Tank, thereby increasing Settling Efficiency.

Poorly designed feed well with random entry of effluent leads to disturbance. This results in sludge carry over in the overflow and poor settlement.

 

 

Simple and easy to maintain. Greasing points are accessible.

Operator has to stretch himself to attend and maintain.

 
Application :-
 
  • In-drive system consists of in-line, high efficiency epicyclic gearbox and main motor
  • Torque tower and telescopic pier redesigned, giving easier inspection of torque keys
  • Coal fines and tailings
  • Magnetite fines¨
  • Kaoline storage & thickening
  • Copper concentrates and tailings
  • Gold/Silver concentrates and tailings
  • Phosphate slimes
  • Lead/Zinc concentrates and tailings
  • Iron ore tailings
  • FGD plant slurries
 
Advantages:-
 
  • Unit is Completely Assembled
  • Low Installation
  • Completely Automatic, Gravity in Gravity Out
  • Reduced Floor Space
  • Large Compartment Flocculation Tanks with Mixer for Extra Retention Time
  • Meets EPA Discharge Limits for Metal Finishing Wastes
  • Preserves the quality and durability of the steel because the outer wall and internal components are pecially coated.
  • Incorporates adjustable weir plates.
  • Utilizes full-length skimmer arms and full length scum troughs.
  • Able to be constructed in 8 – 10 weeks.
  • Improved design for easier maintenance