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Dealkaliser:-

Introduction:-

Alkalinity in water is present in four different forms - Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Carbonate (CO3) and Hydroxyl (OH).

When raw water has high alkalinity, even after softening, causes foaming and carryover of solids that leads to embattlement of boiler steel. The decomposition of bicarbonates due to heat produces CO2, which causes corrosion.
Alkalinity needs to be removed and monitored to prevent scale and corrosion to minimize total operating costs.
Following Ion exchange processes can be used for reducing alkalinity.

Working Principle:-

The dealkalization process reduces the alkalinity in water. Along with alkalinity there is a reduction in hardness as well as sodium associated with alkalinity. Finally these reductions are reflected by a drop in the content of dissolved minerals in water.
The dealkalization processes are

Split Stream Dealkalization
Dealkalization with a weak acid cation (WAC) resin.
Combination of WAC and Softener

Applications:-

Dealkalised water is used as feed water for low and medium pressure boilers.
All boilers demand a minimum quality of feed water and a certain maintenance of boiler water quality for proper operation of the boilers. One of the parameters is the dissolved mineral content of boiler water which is adjusted through blowdown of the boiler.
If the influent has a high proportion of alkalinity, it can be dealkalised by the processes mentioned earlier to provide water with lower mineral content. This results in lesser blowdown than would be required if only soft water is used.
Dealkalized water is used in the bottled water industry and in other processes where water is the major additive to correct the alkalinity and taste of the final product.
Dealkalised water is used in industry in cooling water systems to reduce calcium carbonate scaling while improving the cycles of concentration.

Advantages:-

This method of Alkalinity removal , removes Alkalinity as well as Calcium & Magnesium ions associated with alkalinity which results in reduction of dissolved salts.
Alkalinity in the treated water remains consistent through out the cycle.